Analysis Of Holdens The Catcher In The Rye - 775 Words

George Will utilizes an iconoclastic look upon Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of The Catcher in the Rye. Will portrays Holden as a classical example of an American whiner. Holden represented the generation of the 1950’s and the struggles endured by the invisible shackles of social pressure. Will calls Holden out on his ever-so-present division of people into â€Å"phonies† and the â€Å"phoniness† evident in them. Holden is portrayed as an insufferable teenager who complains too much. However, Will does not explain the circumstances, nor the situations that Holden has had to endure throughout his life. Therefore, I do not agree with Will’s evaluation of Holden. In this article, Will portrays Holden as the beginning of a new social type,†¦show more content†¦When he invites Ackley to come along with him to the movies, he asks Ackley if he can sleep in Ackley’s roommates bed. However, Ackley denies Holden’s request. Holden’s answer? Ackley’s a phony. When Holden wrote Stradlater’s composition for him, he gets yelled at by Stradlater for writing about the wrong thing. He lent his hound’s tooth jacket even though he knew that it would be stretched out from the shoulders. Holden’s response to these situations? Ah, Stradlater is a phony. These examples help readers understand the pain felt by Holden at his social rejection. By calling them â€Å"phonies†, Holden is able to convince himself that they did, in fact, not reject him; instead, he was the one who was rejecting them, due to the â€Å"phoniness† present in them. Will criticizes Holden on this action, calling him rather unfocused, as his act of rebellion has no set direction. However, upon further investigation, it can be seen that this is yet another way of coping with Holden’s insecurity. By calling others â€Å"phonys† and such, he is able to satisfy his desire to find viable excuses as to wh y society does not accept him. This is yet another point of view not evident in Will’s analysis of Holden. Holden also does not like to be criticized, as seen in many instances in the book. When Mr. Spencer starts to lecture him about what Holden should do to succeed in life, he wants to leave Mr. Spencer’sShow MoreRelatedThe Catcher In The Rye Analysis1657 Words   |  7 PagesOne must inevitably confront the daunting face of adulthood. In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger depicts the disheartening journey from adolescence to adulthood that Holden Caulfield endures. Although holden seeks the freedoms that mark adulthood, he has yet to take up the role of a truly mature citizen as the society conforming nature of those adults disgust him, leading him to his gradual mental decline. J. D. Salinger uses the immature character of Holden Caulfield as a meansRead MoreJ.b. Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 1319 Words   |  6 PagesJ.D. Salingerâ₠¬â„¢s Use of Symbolism in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger is well known for his works. His most famous being The Catcher in the Rye. Two other of his famous works include Nine stories and Franny and Zooey. J.D Salinger is also well known for his sense of humor that he includes inside of his books. The Catcher in the Rye has become an essential work to be studied in academic literature and its course of study. This book entails many uses of symbolism throughout theRead MoreAnalysis Of Characters And Themes Of The Catcher Rye 1537 Words   |  7 Pages Analysis of Characters and Themes in The Catcher in the Rye J.D. Salinger was born in 1919 to a wealthy Manhattan family. He grew up in the same social conditions as Holden Caulfield does in The Catcher in the Rye. The last thing Salinger cared about was being a successful student because he was very lazy, without care for his responsibilities and tasks. Salinger flunked out of many prep schools, and his parents sent him to a military academy named Valley Forge in Pennsylvania, where he graduatedRead MoreCatcher in the Rye- Holden as a Dynamic Character Essay example660 Words   |  3 PagesAlexa Noelle Mrs. Mow American Studies 27 March 2012 Analysis of Holden Caulfield Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye Holden sees the world as an evil and corrupt place, however it is clear that he gradually comes to the conclusion he cannot change it. The first instance demonstrating Holden’s progression is when he sees the profanity written all over Phoebe’s school. In this moment he finally understands that it is inevitable to enter adulthood and realizes the impossibility to tryRead MoreTheme Of The Catcher In The Rye976 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger there are several different themes portrayed that widely relate to current issues of teenagers and adults alike. While reading the novel several different themes were revealed creating a deep and meaningful story line. Three themes viewed within the novel are; the phoniness of the adult world, alienation as a form of self-protection, and the painfulness of growing up. Each of these themes have large significance in character and plot devel opmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Holden Talks With Mr. Spencer Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis: This quote is from the part when Holden talks with Mr. Spencer. Since Holden failing all his classes except one, Mr. Spencer is advising Holden about the importance and the impact of his actions in his life. Holden’s perception of adults is depicted when he curses Mr. Spencer in his mind. By nodding silently to Mr. Spencer’s words, Holden actually disrespects adults. We can easily perceive that Holden feels alienated when Mr. Spencer tells him that he is one of those people on â€Å"the otherRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Word Choice795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Word Choice in The Catcher in the Rye By Tom Condon Word choice is a crucial element in a well-crafted story. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about a 16-year-old in New York in the 1950s named Holden Caulfield. The book is about his exploration in the world as he suffers from severe mental trauma from his point of view. J.D. Salinger uses word choice for realism, theme, and depth of character to make the story relate to the reader and add dimension. The Catcher in Rye contains many distinctRead MoreCatcher in the Rye1445 Words   |  6 PagesENG 3U1 – The Catcher in the Rye Essay Outline Assignment Task: Pick one of the essay prompts below. Your answer to the prompt will be the thesis of your essay. Thoughtfully and carefully craft an essay outline to develop and defend your thesis. Be concise and to the point, this is only an outline! You may consult your agenda, previous notes and our class for essay writing tips. Be sure to use text-based evidence to support your thesis. Essay Prompts Throughout the novel, Holden is a tormented adolescentRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Symbolism Analysis1225 Words   |  5 Pages but in The Catcher in the Rye, from 1951, they are closely related. Not only are they all cases of symbolism, but they all connect to the main character’s brother. Holden, the main character, perpetually dwells on the death of his brother Allie and these four figures are representations of his inability to mature, and also his feelings on death and his own life. However, one more symbol, perhaps the most significant one, is Holden’s vision for himself as a catcher in a field of rye. . In the novelRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Sound And The Fury 1688 Words   |  7 Pages The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is a modern novel focused on identity. The novel focuses around the life of a confused young man named Holden who is lost in his adolescents and struggling to find his way into adulthood. The Sound and The Fury written by William Faulkner, is a novel that takes place in Mississippi and follows the decline of the Compson family. The construction of the novel is split into four different parts, where each one is narrated by a different character. Benjy, Jason

Private Education vs Public Education Essay - 817 Words

Private Education vs Public Education Public Education v/s Private Education A person’s education is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they will become a productive member of society. That is why when considering an education the quality of the education is almost as important as the education itself. So when private schools came into the picture the debate then began between public and private schools. Facing the technological revolution that we are going through without a good quality education a person will be left behind. Even though public and private schools are separate institutions they have to follow certain guidelines so there are a lot of similarities between the two. Such as,†¦show more content†¦With all of these activities students can hopefully find something that they enjoy spending their free time. This also hopefully keeps children out of trouble. Private schools have a lot to offer. The most important thing they bring to the table is the high standards that they set. With the majority of the students wanting to achieve at such high levels this creates a very positive learning environment for students to excel in. With these high standards and positive learning environment students are more apt to take college prep courses as those in public schools. The test scores of private schools are higher than those of public schools are. The main reason scores are higher is because of class sizes. Children in private schools do not have congested classes. This gives the teacher the opportunity to devote more one on one time with each student. This also allows a teacher to spend less time disciplining, and more time teaching. Violence in private schools is not as bad as the violence in public schools. This is because private schools will not allow the student to stay in school if they commit an act of violence. This allows the stud ents to focus more on their studies. Yet another difference between public and private schools are religious factors. In a private school setting there is no separation of church and state in some cases. Often times the private school will be set up according to a certain religion. In effectShow MoreRelatedPrivate Education Vs. Public Education864 Words   |  4 PagesIt is often said that private education is superior to public education. I attended a private Christian school from grades Kindergarten through eighth. My father believed a private education would be the best option for me. Our class sizes were very small. Each grade level had around forty students, but we were split equally into two individual classes. The majority of the eighth grade class consisted of the same students that we started Kindergarten with. We had grown up together and helped oneRead MoreEssay on Public vs. Private Education3636 Words   |  15 PagesPublic vs. Private Education   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have examined and compared public versus private education. Also, this collection of information should help you understand differences between public and private schools. Aspects of equality and achievement in private and public education will be dissected and evaluated. Observations I have evaluated and examined both public and private education instittutional systems. Public Education Public schools are in crisis, and not because of any shortagesRead More Public vs Private Education in Australia Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesPublic vs Private Education in Australia Every one in Australia wants the best education for the individual. The question is which one. Public or Private ? Education is one of the most important factors in determining what a person will become as a member of Australias society. Because education is so important there are many questions that are asked for which is the better. The key terms for this topic are: Government School: one administered by the Department of Education in eachRead MorePublic Vs. Private Education Essay example557 Words   |  3 PagesPublic Vs. Private Education Every parent wants what is best for his or her child. Though parents do not have control over everything in their childs development, they do have some control over their education. A persons education is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not they will become a productive member of society. Because education is so important, what kind of education is best? We need to look at both public and privateRead MorePrivate vs Public Education for Your Child1701 Words   |  7 Pagesyou choose? Private vs. Public School Education for your Child The issue of whether private education is better than public has been debated for many years. Strong advocates of public education feel that children grow and progress better in a mixed environment. Although most private educational institutions do not harbor racial discrimination or discrimination against sexes, they do not have certain classifications that may not suit the masses. For example, a large number of private schools areRead More Tax Dollars Should Fund Religious Schools Essay640 Words   |  3 PagesTax Dollars Should Fund Religious Schools The issue of whether or not to use tax dollars to provide private schools with vouchers has been controversial for many years now.   Many people feel that it is our governments obligation to provide private institutions with the proper funds, while others believe that if private schools inherit our tax dollars then it is violation of our constitution as it promotes a particular religion.   I think it is our governments responsibility to provide each andRead MorePublic Education versus Private Education Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesPublic education has been able to provide the necessary education to students, despite its limited capabilities. Students are offered the same education in public schools as they are in private schools. Students make their choice on whether or not they want to apply themselves, and learn from the teachers in front of them. In private schools students are excited to learn. Maybe that is why they have better test scores. Students enrolled in public schools have a tendency to fail, or some succeedRead MorePros and Cons of Private Schools838 Words   |  3 Pageschildren especially their education because it is the foundation for a child’s success as education molds character and provides the learning process to have a bright future. Primary and secondary education would build their skills and qualities that they can incorporate in higher education to achieve heights of success. Higher education gives you the opportunity to study a subject you are interested in and boost your career prospects and earnings potential. Higher education could benefit you in a numberRead MorePublic Schools vs. Private Schools Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesPublic Schools vs. Private Schools A good education is an essential part of a child’s development. Today, parents have a choice in their child’s education and can evaluate both public and private schools. Although both public and private schools provide education and opportunities for students, parents should evaluate the differences and choose the option that best suits their child and families’ needs. In this paper, I will compare and contrast five major areas that relate to public and privateRead MoreBrown Vs. Board Of Education1143 Words   |  5 PagesBrown vs. Board of Education (1954) was a landmark Supreme Court Case that overturned the separate but equal ideology established by the earlier Supreme Court Case Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896). The Plessy vs. Ferguson court case had a profound affect on the social interaction of racial groups in the late 19th to early 20th century causing tension between the two most prominent races within the United States, the Caucasians and the African Ame ricans, which included Hispanics and other non-white citizens

Impact of Violence in Movies and Video Games on Children Free Essays

Impact of Violence in Movies and Video Games on Children Television and video games have become more violent in content. We have become desensitized to the graphic violence we are exposed to via television and video games. We have grown so use to viewing media with this type of content that it no longer phases us, and it almost seems normal. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Violence in Movies and Video Games on Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now Violence can be found in everything from children’s cartoons with violent humor to video games that encourage players to kill opponents to advance to the next level. Studies show that children exposed to violence may be more aggressive. When children view violence as a way to solve problems, it can lead to bullying and an irrational view of how to resolve conflict. Studies have also showed that children exposed to violence can experience anxiety and the perception that the world is an evil place. Expert’s opinions Clearly there is no shortage of opinions on the impact of violent media on children. A report published by the surgeon general back in 2001 pointed to a steady increase in youth violence for a decade from 1983 to 1993 with a quote â€Å"The report found strong evidence that exposure to violence in the media can increase children’s aggressive behavior in the short term and concluded: Research to date justifies sustained efforts to curb the adverse effects of media violence on youths. † Surgeon General, 2001, p. 87). 10 years later, the issue and supporting studies have only increased. As one would expect there is an unbalance between information and studies available to compare with the negative impact side acquiring an overwhelming majority. Schneider Family Services Company director, Gina Simmons, states that a 1999 national study reported that an average American child spends 40 hours per week viewing various forms of media like TV, media, and video games. When these children complete elementary school this equates to them having seen 8,000 murders and 100,000 other acts of various violence. In addition Simmons references a July 2000 joint statement of six professional associations that concur there are more than 1,000 studies connecting media violence and aggression in children (Simmons, 2008, p. 1). Although Craig A. Anderson, a media violence researcher and a chair of Iowa State University’s Department of Psychology agrees that the abundance of violent video games tend to have negative effects on children’s behavior and states that â€Å"It’s Society, not science, that must decide how to deal with the negative effects of violent video games. † In contrast he also recognizes some positive influences from today’s video games. Anderson recognizes that most interactive games now require and include complex problem-solving skills. As well as referencing a flight simulator game he bought his son, which allowed him to develop skills used in NASA summer camp that amazed the camps staff (Hoerrner Hoerrner, 2006). Analyzing and Contrasting From the surgeon general noting increases in violence among youth in the late 80s and 90s to a plethora of new studies supporting the same or similar evidence, one may be concerned with the bias that appears to exist primarily on the negative side of the issue. While analyzing deeper, and when looking through one filter, the focus on negativity toward children and media delves deeper. When the 1999 study above is mentioned, the numbers are shocking. The study showed that children spend 40 hours during the week on different forms of media; notably violence, but one has to question if the study would have equated for the abundance of media in society today, and how much media in our lives has skyrocketed. The study not only assumed the viewing amounts within a child’s entire elementary cycle but also assumes how many hours of violence a child would likely watch. The reference to one thousand studies on the subject shows how clearly the issue is of concern to parents, teachers, and the future of behavioral condition society may have to deal with. What research has limited itself with is discovering the potential positive effects of video games, and violence in media and television. The expert views above indicate Craig A. Anderson may be suggesting strongly that violent media content negatively effects children, but he also points out that items such as interactive games, for instance, do illicit requirements for complex problem-solving skills. These skill types of skills and experiences can be referenced and reflected along with different areas being discussed. Comparing and contrasting the positives and negatives proves to be a harder task when it comes to discovering the positives, but there is a one likely reason. Media pressures developed by existing conditions in society likely form bias’s, which leaves little room for fair, reasonable, and mediated conditions or conclusions for evidence to be properly put forth on either side of the argument. Discovering the positives resides in the logic of today’s children. Children are developing complex problem solving skill sets far beyond those their parents did at the same ages and at faster rates. Studies must reflect the times, and not the basis of the past. Our Opinion Violent movies and video games do have some type of impact on children, but we do not think that it will cause the child to inflict violence on others. We believe that if left alone without proper supervision and guidance, it will have a negative effect. Growing up in a household with family values and ethics will allow the child to have a better understanding of what he or she does and to know the difference between what is real and what is fictitious. Let us focus on the fact that when we were children, we would watch cartoons in which one of the characters would chase the other around with a shotgun, light a stick of dynamite, and place it under their hat. The character would then fall off a cliff, followed by a giant boulder on the head. In addition playing war games as young boys with the green Army men and simulating an explosion was quite exciting. Blowing the Army men up with firecrackers were all a part of the violent games we played. Shooting a BB gun or slingshot was also another way in which we enjoyed playing in the days before video games. The point we are trying to make is, violence has always been around and most people recognize the difference, and would not go out and inflict violence in the real world. A few mentally disturbed children may not know the difference in between the two, or children who were not taught the difference between reality and make-believe by their parents at an early age. We blame playing too many video games and watching too many movies as a cause of obesity in children, but we also parallel behavioral issues to the same mediums, which are why we should focus more on how children are raised rather than the influential mediums they are faced with. The Impact on Children Though the point may be argued that violence in video games and movies has no effect on children, it is hard to imagine how such imagery cannot influence their actions. Modern video games – with their almost real looking graphics, in-depth story lines, and characters that resemble real people – are quickly approaching the realm of â€Å"virtual reality. † Gone are the days of Mario and Luigi saving the world and the Princess from the evil Bowser as in Super Mario Bros. Video games that are more recent involve stories that require automobile theft, use of illegal weapons, and violent fighting tactics to advance to the next level. These images paint the picture that in order to get what you want in life, you have to take it by force. According to a study done by the Gallup Company in 2003, â€Å"More than 70 percent of American teenage boys have played the violent but popular â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† video games, and they are more likely to have been in a fight than those who have not played† (Berkowitz, 2003). This study seems to provide clear evidence that some children’s real life is influenced by the video games they play at home. Young children are very impressionable and can easily gain a distorted view of reality by participating in these games. Berkowitz, in press) Certain movies are also influencing the actions and behaviors of young children. Parental guide rating systems have been put in place as advisories, though many parents completely ignore them. If a child wants ideas on how to rob a casino, fight, mistreat women, and/or blow something up, all he or she needs to do is visit the local theater. Better yet, the Internet and media companies like Netflix allow children to watch the se scenes without leaving their homes. I remember watching â€Å"The Karate Kid† and realizing that martial arts are a means of self-defense and a practice in self-control and honesty. Hollywood’s modern twist makes gun-slinging bandits out to be more hero like and less villain like. The images that these children are seeing on the big screen has the potential to fill their heads with the idea that violence is a useful means to solve ones problems or get what he or she wants. Conclusion Violence is prevalent on television and in video games. The amount of violence children are exposed to via the media has increased. Cartoons feature slapstick characters that use vulgarity and violence as a form of humor. Video games feature graphic war scenarios or bloody street fights that encourage players to kill opponents in order to move to the next level of the game. Studies show children tend to mimic violent behavior when it comes to conflict resolution. The exposure to violence has had an affect on children. The effects range from aggression to various levels of anxiety. The constant exposure to violence often perpetuates that the world is an unsafe place full of mean people. References Berkowitz, B. (in press). Most teens play violent video games, study says. The Washington Post. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from www. lionlamb. org/news_articles/Washington_Post_Grand_Theft. htm Hoerrner, M. , Hoerrner, K. (2006). Video Game Violence (vol. 15 ed. ). : Child Welfare League of Amreica. Simmons, G. (2008). Does Violent Media Cause Aggression?. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from www. manageangerdaily. com Surgeon General (2001). Youth Violence. Retrieved August 15, 2011, from http://www. surgeongeneral. gov/library/youthviolence/ How to cite Impact of Violence in Movies and Video Games on Children, Essay examples

Freeganism free essay sample

There are a slew of good people who helped me write this piece. When John Boe, my UWP journalism professor, announced that we could write on literally anything we wanted, I felt like a housecat looking out the front door. Unsure of where to step, and without any of my own ideas, I asked my good friend Liz what I should write about. It was she who turned me on to the Davis â€Å"dumpster diving† culture and its protest of the food industry through gleaning. These gleaners, whose names I changed to protect their privacy, welcomed me into their homes and showed me the utmost generosity. And now, from my soapbox, I can see that religious capitalism has yielded an American culture of excess, a culture that transcends our own borders, and wasted food remains a physical testament to our negligence. Though gleaning may not solve the planet’s food problems, it does illuminate these problems, which is a start. We will write a custom essay sample on Freeganism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And who can turn down free cheese —Ronny Smith Instructor’s Comment: I have to admit that when Ronald Smith pitched his idea of doing a dumpster diving story, I was not wildly enthusiastic. I had had a student do a similar story a year or so previously, and her result was more a personal essay (â€Å"Look, I went dumpster diving! †) than journalism. But Ronald took a different approach and ended up with a fabulous final product. Sure the highlight of the piece is in his first person experience of dumpster diving, which he renders skillfully: I feel as if I am in the dumpster with him, and I cringe when he actually eats some of the found food. But Ronald puts the diamond of his first person story in a rich setting: information from a UCD American Studies class, interviews (a grad student in Community Development, several dumpster divers, the Grocery Manager of Davis Foods Co-op), information from newspapers and other sources, reports on Sacramento’s efforts to regulate dumpster diving (including an account of a Sacramento Council Chamber Meeting), and a summary of author Raj Patel’s remarks when he spoke at UCD earlier in the quarter. And the final element that Ronald brought to the piece was the ability to write strikingly elegant sentences and create vivid scenes. From the lead to the ending, there are sparkling sentences and memorable moments in this superbly written piece.? —John Boe, University Writing Program Americans hate trash. They hate it. So much so that some American lawmakers want to pay other countries to take our trash, just so we don’t have to deal with it. Trash smells, it looks gross, and it’s everywhere.

The history of stolen generation free essay sample

The History of the Stolen Generations Who were the Stolen Generations? The term Stolen Generations describes the many Aboriginal and some Torres Strait Islander people who were forcibly removed from their families as children by past Australian Federal, State and Territory government agencies, and church missions, from the late 1800s to the 1970s. These removals were carried out under acts of their respective parliaments, and the children removed were sent either to institutions or adopted by non-lndigenous families. Children taken by State and Territory authorities were often not permitted to have isits from their parents or families, such was the extent to which the separation from family, community and culture was enforced. Nearly every Aboriginal family and community was affected by these policies of forcible removal those taken away, the parents, sisters and brothers, uncles and aunts, and the communities themselves. Why were children removed? Throughout the early 1900s, the Australian public was led to believe that Aboriginal children were disadvantaged and at risk in their own communities, and that they would receive a better education, a more loving family, and a more civilised pbringing in adopted white families or in government institutions. We will write a custom essay sample on The history of stolen generation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The reality was that Aboriginal children were being removed in order to be exposed to Anglo values and Work habits with a view to them being employed by colonial settlers, and to stop their parents, families and communities from passing on their culture, language and identity to them. The children who were targetted for removal by the authorities of the time, in almost all cases, had one parent that was white and one that was Aboriginal. The objective behind the removal of these children then was often one of acial assimilation, The Aboriginal Protection Boards at the time believed that by separating these mixed race children from their families, community, land and culture, assimilation into white Australian society would be all the more effective, with the mixed descent Aboriginal population in time merging with the non Indigenous population. The children removed and then placed in institutions or with new foster families so often received a lower standard of education, and sometimes no education at all, when compared with the standard of education available to white Australian children. In Western Australia, for example, once removed, children were often placed in dormitories, trained as farm labourers and domestic servants, and by the age of 14 were sent out to work. Experiences of the children Experiences of the children taken from their families varied widely. Some coped with the trauma of losing their families, and flourished, despite the prevailing sense and knowledge of their loss of and separation from their birth families, communities, land and culture. I was very fortunate that when I was removed, I was with very loving and aring parents. The love was mutual I know my foster parents were the type of people that always understood that I needed to know my roots, who I was, where I was born, who my parents were and my identity I remember one day I went home My foster father told me you shouldnt listen to other people: You Judge him for yourself, taking into account the tragedy, that someday you will understand. Confidential submission 252, South Australia: woman fostered at 4 years in the 1960s. However, once removed, so many children were encouraged to abandon and deny heir own Aboriginal heritage and language in favour of western values and norms, and the English language. My mother and brother could speak our language and my father could speak his. I cant speak my language. Aboriginal people werent allowed to speak their language while white people were around. They had to go out into the bush or talk their lingoes on their own. Aboriginal customs like initiation were not allowed. We could not leave Cherbourg to go to Aboriginal traditional festivals. We could have a corroboree if the Protector issued a permit. It was completely up to him. I never had a chance to learn about my traditional and customary way of life when I was on the reserves. Confidential submission 1 10, Queensland: woman removed in the 1940s. For many other children, who were placed with unsatisfactory foster parents or in institutions, as adults they continue to struggle to overcome their experiences of trauma, loss, isolation, and often, abuse. I led a very lost, confused, sad, empty childhood, as my foster father molested me. I remember once having a bath with my clothes on cause I was too scared to take them off. I was scared of the dark cause my foster father would often come at night. I was scared to tell anyone cause I once attempted to tell the local Priest at the Catholic church and he told me to say ten Hail Marys for telling lies. So I thought this was how normal non- Aboriginal families were. I was taken to various doctors who diagnosed me as uncontrollable or lacking in intelligence. Confidential submission 788, New South Wales: woman removed at 3 years in 1946; experienced two foster placements and a number of institutional placements. The Bringing them home Report and the Stolen Generations Testimonies website both feature the first hand stories of adults, who as children were forcibly removed from their families and communities. They tell their own stories of loss and separation from their families, communities, culture and land, social isolation, deplorable living conditions, neglect, and physical, mental and sexual abuse. The institutions to which the children were taken were tasked with preparing part- Aboriginal children to take their place in a society which treated non-white people as econd-class. Long term impacts The forcible removal of Aboriginal children irrevocably broke parental links, severing cultural connection to family and country. As a measure of remedy, the emergence of the Link Up services across the country now mean that increasingly, Stolen Generations members are able to receive assistance and support when seeking to be reunited with their families. The Journey that Stolen Generations survivors embark on when looking to trace their family members as adults can be fraught with a range of varied and mixed emotions.

Review of the article Book Real World Order

Review of the article Book Real World Order This is a review of the ‘Book Real World Order’, an article composed by Singer and Aoron Wildavsky and first published on November 1993.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Review of the article ‘Book Real World Order’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It points out the issues that regard to international relations addressing the need to shift from the old ways of dealing with issues relating to international affairs whereby countries around the globe especially the most powerful ones should put together their efforts in order to enhance peace and democracy as well as ensuring developments as opposed to war. The authors maintain that the post-cold war times will see different approaches adapted to achieving peace and democracy on one hand. However, it also puts forth issues dealing with problems of conflicts and issues pertaining development. The key ideas postulated by the authors of this book are that the real world today is driven by or separated into to categories or zones. One of these zones features countries characterized by peace and democracy while the other contains those characterized with turmoil and development. The countries in the peace zone like Western Europe, US and Canada will have to witness total peace and enjoy freedom of peace and war whereby issues dealing with ethnicity will be forgotten. On the other hand, countries like China and Somali will mature and develop their political standings hence leading to development of democracy. There is need to help these nations towards good governance In analyzing the article, the authors explain how international relations need to be carried out putting in mind the rapid changes globally. To some extent, I disagree with the thinking of the authors that, these countries like Somali will soon come to be independent embracing democracy. This assumption does not hold water since it is not automatic building on the ever chaos the country experiences since time immemorial. Written by Yahya Sadowski ‘The Myth of Global Chaos’ article was published in the year 1998. The main idea about this article is about the Chaos Theory, as postulated by American well-known political scientists. The theory gives a variety of dimensions about the causes of conflicts.Advertising Looking for report on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article majors on bringing people to the end of the Cold World War whereby America assumed the role of a superpower after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. America was then in control of the global nationals issues involving security for instance in bringing sanity in the countries like Somalia and Bosnia. Conflicts that resulted from ethnicity were less chaotic as opposed to other types of conflicts. Furthermore, the authors argue that chaos in most cases is not a stra tegic threat, a case where most people will never come to terms. Break of cultural wars are attributed to lack of political stability and structural propensity in the various countries. Further more the author is concerned about the global complexity, which needs careful planning from the policy makers for them to engage in better planning to be abed to deal with various issues amicably. These arguments propounded by the authors holds some truth and this fact about conflicts is to some extend true. After assuming the role of super power, the US was supposed to engage in good policymaking strategies in order to face the problems, which the countries around the globe faced. For instance, the author has tried to explain the Chaos Theory in line with the cultural conflicts with an idea of how to solve them standing out clearly. I do therefore support the opinion of the author that even if it has achieved its mission in bringing peace to countries like Bosnia and Kuwait, there is much mo re still needed to ensure the achievement of security and good governance. ‘Kant or Cant’, the myth of the democratic peace is the title of the article authored by Christopher Layne, and published in 1995. The main idea of the article is the theory of democratic peace, which stipulates that in international sense, democratic countries behave in a manner that is in opposition to those countries that are not democratic. There are two perspectives when it comes to the democratic sense whereby most countries, which do not engage in war, do so because of the already established structure and institutions that deter occurrence of conflict. In addition, because of the culture of democracy, norms and shared commitments, instances of conflict are avoided. The key ideas postulated by the author is that there are various dimensions which have been taken or adapted by various political scientists relating to democracy and the behavior of countries towards each other.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Review of the article ‘Book Real World Order’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In democratic peace theory, an instance of war between democracies is constrained because of the fact that the government will be authoritative to its citizens. Furthermore, it is illegitimate under the law for such democracies to enter into war. Democratic norms and perceptions also play a role in ensuring that there is no war outbreak. On the other hand, the realism theory is opposed to the democratic theory whereby it postulates that it is difficult for one national to establish a political structure in all the states since each state has its own system of governance and political structures. Therefore, it is much difficult to ensure that every state adheres to the rules practiced or observed by another state. For instance, these two theories vary in that the democratic theory says that changes in a stat e are able to transform the nature of the international politics while realism is opposed to it by stating that the structure of the international politics will remain the same even if there are internal changes of a state. In the four cases presented, for instance the France war of 1923 used military since it believed that it had strategic interests. The war ended through withdrawal. In addition, though democratic reasons played a part, realism theory held a more vital position in the end of these conflicts. As these theories advance, it is advisable for policy makers to have a wide scope of thinking and reasoning rather than basing their reasons of any outbreak of conflicts on the democratic theory. Different states have their own structures and it may not be possible to base on the assumptions that democratic countries do not engage in conflict or war. The real situation on the ground is that international politics should put in mind the nitty-gritty issues and aspects of differe nt states so us to be able to provide good governance. Therefore, I am in agreement with the fact that in most instances realism theory has been the core cause of conflicts because of the different structures and interests among different countries. Another article is ‘In Search of Democratic Peace; Problems and Promise’, which forms part of Steve Chan’s works, published in 1997. The main idea of the article is whether democracy exists in various states and on the global or foreign relations bases or stage.Advertising Looking for report on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main idea advanced by this author is about how peace can be forged out in various democracies or states and how the international politics influence peace. For instance, the author is of the view that democracies rarely engage in any form of war or conflicts. Various political specialists who attribute this to similar norms ideologies have supported this. The author has also tried to bring in his discussion the issue or realism, claiming that it is important for it to be considered especially in forging peace and security when it comes to international affairs. The author has also noted that democracy is in some occasions could hinder good governance for instance pubic influence on certain issues or abstract international agreements. This is illustrated with the example of Ukraine’s in its efforts of no proliferation efforts of its nuclear weapons. Furthermore, nations involved in trade ties may not engage in war as opposed to those with no ties. Therefore, in conclusion, I concur with the point of view of authors on the issue of democracy. He acknowledges the various factors that enhance peace and democracy some of which are structural resemblance, public influence, and trade ties among others.

Analysis paper on christianity and buddism Essay

Analysis paper on christianity and buddism - Essay Example Jesus was a well taught religious teacher who preached peace, love and belief in the almighty God. It is stated in the Bible that he learned in the Synagogues at an early age conversing with the elders as early as of age of 12. Then the Bible makes no account for Jesus life and picks back up with Jesus being baptized in the Jordan river by his cousin John the Baptist around the age of twenty. Jesus traveled teaching to the poor in surrounding cities reinforcing John the Baptist message of repentance. Like Buddhism, Jesus had a version of karma, which can be defined by Jesus’ message as you reap what you sow. After approximately 8 years of healing, preaching and teaching, Jesus was crucified and then days later resurrected only to disappear. Buddhism have several similar beliefs as Christianity. Buddhist attempt to live a tranquil life by eliminating internal practices that would lead to suffering, such as jealousy, anger and ignorance. Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, was a prince who knew not poverty nor suffering. Around the age of twenty, Siddhartha left the comforts of the palace to seek the reason for suffering. After approximately 6 years of wandering and exercising yogic practices, he sat under a bodhi tree to practice deep meditation and became Buddha, the enlightened one. Buddhist believe that overcoming a negative and confused state of mind will help end all suffering and attain enlightment and peace. Another teaching that aligns with Christianity is Buddhism belief in meditation. Buddhist believe in learning how to develop peaceful and tranquil virtuous mindsets by sitting quietly for periods of times. This can be likened to Christianity as Jesus was infamous for going into deep prayer, The Bible states that Jesus once prayed for forty days and forty nights. One popular aspect of Buddhism is karma. Karma suggest that every action has a consequence and those consequences would have to be

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History - Research Paper Example ilm Gandhi, which belongs to the genre of epic biography, portrays the life history of Gandhi on one side and analyses the Indian independence movement and the related complex confluence of imperialism, nationalism, and decolonization on another side, because different methods adopted by Gandhi, like non-violent struggle, civil disobedience movement, the Salt March etc, eventually helped India to be free from the British rule. This research study is broadly divided as: Film as an epic biography: Gandhi’s life history, Analysis: Gandhi’s influence on Indian independence movement, Gandhi’s methods and Indian independence movement, and personal opinion. One can see that epic biography as a movie genre deals with life histories of historically significant individuals. Within this scenario, the film Gandhi primarily deals with the life history of Gandhi in general. To be specific, the opening scene (say, Gandhi’s death) proves that the director’s aim is to make use of flashback technique to narrate Gandhi’s life history. Martha NUSSBAUM stated that, â€Å"Mohandas K. Gandhi has been the subject of such vast discussion and such widespread veneration that even readers with little knowledge of Indian history are likely to have a reasonably accurate picture of him-especially if they have seen Richard Attenborough’s excellent 1982 film, in which Ben Kingsley successfully conveyed many aspects of Gandhi’s complex personality† (94). But the director does not try to unearth Gandhi’s earlier life because it is less significant within this context. Besides, the director portrays Gandhi’s political activism in South Africa. When Gandhi reached South Africa as a lawyer, the nation was under British imperialism. To be specific, some Indian merchants residing in South Africa asked Gandhi to help them to save them from discriminatory laws implemented by the government. When he reached South Africa, he realized that the Indian merchants are facing marginalization

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Employee Turnover Causes and Effects

Employee Turnover Causes and Effects In todays highly dynamic commercial work, it is becoming a challenge for jobseekers to find jobs that best fit their personality, and for employers to hire the right people who can do the job and also integrate well into the company culture. Failure to overcome this issue can be resulted in high turnover of employees. Employee turnover is a part of normal business activity; whereby employees come and go as their life situations change. Most employers realize this and, indeed, large firms typically have entire departments devoted to the management of human resources in order to make the transition as easy as possible for both management and employee and to minimize the associated hiring and training costs. Employee turnover is a ratio comparison of the number of employees a company must replace in a given time period to the average number of total employees. A huge concern to most companies, employee turnover is a costly expense especially in lower paying job roles, for which the employee turnover rate is higher. Many factors play a role in the employee turnover rate of any company, and these can shoot from both the employer and the employees. Determining what constitutes high turnover is a complex issue, because there is no simple linear relationship between turnover rates and the social and/or economic performance of companies and sites. Too little turnover can be as big a problem as too much. If organizations do not have a reasonable flow through of new personnel, they risk ossification. Also, some turnover is socially desirable because it gives people an opportunity to obtain entry into the labor market and to move to different and better. In todays dynamic world and increased job insecurity, the job for life is no longer existent. People constantly fear their jobs and loss their motivation and commitment to work. Some reviews and example were being done on manufacturing or dairy business company, basically on First Dairy Farm (M) Sdn. Bhd on high turnover of the employees. 2.0 CAUSES OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER 2.1 Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is described as the positive attitude and emotion towards ones job and work environment. It reveals their value judgment about their expectations and perceptions of the effort they put in and the outcomes that they receive. One of the reason that caused a highly employee turnover is because of the low job satisfaction offered by an organization. Job satisfaction includes the payroll and financial rewards, work environment, co-workers, supervision, scope of work, amount of work, career future, company identity, and physical working condition. To ensure an employees satisfaction, an organization need to reward fairly for the work they have done by making sure rewards were for genuine contribution to the organization and consistent with reward policies. The reward also includes a variety of benefits other than monetary gains. However, many companies failed to do so. Unsatisfactory performance appraisal is one of the reasons for employees leaving a company. A lack of appreciation, a lack of teamwork and the perception that business owners dont care about their employees are consistently the highest-rated reasons for low job satisfaction. Many employees choose to leave because they believe their work has been unappreciated by the organization. When employees are committed to their organizations, they accept the corporate goals and values, and will put in extra effort to achieve organizational effectiveness. Nonetheless, many also leave their jobs because they dont believe their companies value their contribution. Most environmental contributors to turnover can be directly traced to management practices. Turnover tends to be higher in environments where employees feel they are taken advantage of, where they feel undervalued or ignored, and where they feel helpless or unimportant. Clearly, if managers are impersonal, arbitrary, and demanding, there is greater risk of alienation and turnover. Management policies can also affect the environment in basic ways such as whether employee benefits and incentives appear generous or stingy, or whether the company is responsive to employees needs and wants. Managements handling of major corporate events such as mergers or layoffs is also an important influence on the work environment afterwards. Salary Scale is also known for the most common cause of the employee turnover rate being so high. Employees are in search of jobs, which pay well. If the company, which they are working in, does not offer good and reasonable salary, they tend to hunt for jobs that pay them considerably well. The prospect of getting higher pay elsewhere is one of the most obvious contributors to turnover. This practice can be regularly observed at all levels of the economic ladder, from executives and generously paid professionals in high-stress positions to entry-level workers in relatively undemanding jobs. Employees always flock to companies who offer more benefits. There are many employees who are not aware of the benefits that are provided to them in their compensation package. The employers need to reduce their bureaucratic procedures in order for the employees to receive the best available benefits without any difficulty. They should make a note of what all benefits other organizations are providing, which may attract their current employees. Employees that contain negative relationship with its supervisor are likely to have lower job satisfaction, which could also lead to employee turnover. According to experts, while most managers believe employees leave due to money issues, in actuality it is an employees relationship with their supervisor that has the greatest impact on whether they stay or go, because a supervisor has control over the compensation, opportunity, recognition, and environment that create job satisfaction. And that is why it is important to hold supervisors accountable for retaining a thriving workforce. Advancement and promotion policies are the prime reason why many mid-level executives leave the company. Due to no potential opportunity for advancements or promotions, they prefer other companies, which may provide them with higher posts and increased compensation packages. The companies need to evaluate and modify their promotion policies in a fair way, which would enable promotions for candidates. The condition of the organization could also be a factor. If it is unstable, the employees will surely look for a more stable organization. They would not want to stay long in an organization that could close any time. Employees will not exert as much effort in achieving organizational objectives if there are not reassured that their jobs are secure. 2.2 Organizational Commitment Organizational commitment is the relative strength of an employees attachment or involvement with the organization where he or she is employed, in this case the dairy business. Organizational commitment is important because committed employees are less likely to leave for another job and are more likely to perform at higher levels. An organization would have a higher productivity by creating a higher job satisfaction for the employees. By this, they would believe that the organization would be a career path and a tremendous future in the long run, which would make them concern about the quality of their work. Hence, they would be more committed to the organization, and the organization would have higher retention rates and lower employee turnover. With this, organization commitment also includes as a cause of employee turnover. Organizational commitment is when individuals who were highly committed to their organization would be less likely to think about leaving the organization. Wh en an employees need and desires has been satisfied and their skill has been utilized, an organizational commitment of an employee has been developed. It has become a very strong negative effect on turnover, which means, the lower the organizational commitment, the higher the tendency for an employee to leave. Throughout the workplace employees must be given numerous opportunities to feel committed to the organization. Overall management culture and style driven by the top management actions are strongly related to the degree of employee commitment. These correlations bring to light the importance of having strong managers and their roles in the overall organization. If employees are directly committed to their group, their commitment to the overall organization will be higher. Organizational Commitment is highly valuable. Studies have highlighted that commitment has a great impact on the successful performance of an organization. This is because a highly committed employee will identify with the goals and values of the organization, has a stronger desire to belong to the organization and is willing to display greater organizational citizenship behavior i.e., a willingness to go over and beyond their required job duties. And if human resources are said to be an organizations greatest assets, then committed human resources should be regarded as an organizations competitive advantage. Committed employees are more likely to perform beyond the call of duty to meet customers needs and organizations goal. They are highly motivated to work to the best of their ability. These traits are essential for continued customer commitment and ongoing revenue and growth for an organization. Committed employees remained in the employment of the company longer, resisted competitive job offers, did not actively look for other employment and recommend the company to others as a good place to work. The longer the companies kept their employees, there would be no need for additional expenditure to train new employees. 2.3 Job Hopping An individual with strong desire to try different jobs for fun or and readily changed their jobs for as little as one Malaysian Ringgit is a sign of job hopping behavior. This type of individual also leads to employee turnover. Some with highly educated individuals are more keen to job hop due to the availability of vast options in the job market. Younger generations are thought to be job-hopping to be materialistic, and as a result they tend to hop from one job to another for a better salary and benefit. A huge concern to most companies, employee turnover is a costly expense especially in lower paying job roles, for which the employee turnover rate is highest. Weak company identity tends to face higher employee turnover as the employee worry about their career future. 3.0 IMPACT AND EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVERS There are many negative impacts to an organization due to employee turnovers compared to positive impacts. However, despite substantial evidence regarding turnovers negative consequences for firms, several studies including many of those above are noted offsetting positive effects. For example, the economic perspective on turnover suggests that turnover reflects the beneficial aspects of worker mobility, such as the improvement of matches between employees and firms over time. Companies should take a deep interest in their employee turnover rate because it is costly part of doing business. When a company must replace a worker, the company incurs direct and indirect expenses. These expenses include the cost of advertising, headhunting fees, human resources cost, loss of productivity, new hire training, and customer retention. On the contrary, turnover can adversely affects operational efficiency, especially for complex processes that require close teamwork and high amounts of assumed knowledge. Where there is continuing instability in the workforce, consequences can include increased stress and tension amongst those remaining employees who have to fill the gaps left by departing employees, declining employee morale, and decreased productivity due to loss of work group synergy. High turnover rate can do a lot of damage to your organization than overworking your employees. One of which is the turnover cost. When you lose an employee, you need to look for someone new to fill the post. Although the person is qualified, you still need to train the person, consider a few errors during the operation, and go through the adjustment period. Apart from the cost you incurred, it will also give you a bad image in the public. They will speculate about the reasons why your employees do not last long in the organization. They will question the management skill of the leaders of the organizations. Consequently, this will also affect the judgment of your potential investors. Minimizing employee turnover rate is one of the most important tasks of managers. This is because a high turnover rate among others implies that the organizations concerned are probably incurring high costs of operations. The costs of employee turnover are due to the costs of retaining workers, the costs of training and development loss of business, loss of productivity, and also increased in business risks. Therefore, companies that are not able to reduce their employee turnover figure will likely lose their competitiveness in the long run. High turnover can be a serious obstacle to productivity, quality, and profitability at firms of all sizes. For the smallest of companies, a high turnover rate can mean that simply having enough staff to fulfill daily functions is a challenge, even beyond the issue of how well the work is done when staff is available. Turnover is no less a problem for major companies, which often spend millions of dollars a year on turnover-related costs. When the employee leaves, productivity will usually take a downturn because other workers may have to add the former employees duties to their own workload, at least temporarily. For service-oriented professions, such as management consulting or account management, high employee turnover can also lead to customer dissatisfaction and turnover, as clients feel little attachment to a revolving contact. Customers are also likely to experience dips in the quality of service each time their representative changes. When long-time employees leave, they often take valuable institutional knowledge or intellectual assets with them. It would costs employers a lot of time and money to replace these assets. Many business owners are mistaken that the cost of replacing employees is merely the price of an advertisement and headhunter fees. However, both direct and indirect cost must be taken into consideration. When an employee gives notice (usually two to four weeks), he or she has already mentally checked out months prior to the announcement, costing the company significant dollars for a nonproductive employee. The current employees never want to see one of their colleagues leave. The atmosphere in the office takes on a different tone. Current employees question their own career decision. These scenarios slow down the organizations productivity. And they also cost money. The current employees gain increased workloads to offset the vacant position. This causes burnout, inefficiencies and unproductive wo rkers, which again can be costly. One must realize that it usually takes a new employee approximately six months to get up to speed. Those first six months are a costly investment for the employer without any true benefits for the newly hired talent and the company until six months or more into the future. Human resource development is less likely to be a priority for management. Companies will be disinclined to invest in training and career development for staff if they believe that they cannot hold staff. In addition, where there is high employee turnover human resource personnel are likely to be pre-occupied with the base level tasks of recruiting and training new staff. This, in turn, means that there will be fewer opportunities to implement staff development initiatives and other strategies that could enhance the skills and productivity of existing employees. Organizational psychologists have also claimed that workers efforts may be highest when they first join an organization and may decrease over time. These conflicting views concerning the effects of turnover suggest that one must not view turnover as a monolithic concept, but rather as a contingent phenomenon. The relevant question thus becomes not whether turnover has positive or negative effects on performance, but rather under what conditions it is more harmful or beneficial to the firm. 4.0 IMPROVING THE MANAGEMENT OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER Today, most of the companies believed that in order to achieve and sustained effectively, human resource management (HRM) needs to be efficient. Effective HRM can be main factor for the success of an organization. In the new economy, it has become a trend of employees staying on for a short duration in any one organization, which results to many problems. Failure in managing human capital will create fatal problems to the company, especially in country like Malaysia, which is a multiracial country. Therefore, most of the organizations, both domestic companies and multinational cooperation (MNCs) tend to focus more on HRM as a key of success. 4.1 Hiring the right people Hiring the right people from the start would also reduce turnover. Managers should have a clear idea of the types of people they want to hire for each position, write detailed job descriptions and commit to hiring the best candidates rather than the first candidates who meet minimum requirements. An organization is encouraged to use personality traits and leadership style theories to determine the personality type and leadership style posses by job applicants and future candidates before actually employing them. A computer-based application that integrates personality traits and leadership styles will be valuable to any organization seeking the right people with the right personality and the right competencies. With this, there are more chances for an employee to be satisfied with the job given, and reduce employee turnover. 4.2 Employee Retention Most companies try to reduce costs by eliminating search, advertising and referral fees. They spend countless hours calculating cost per hire. With the current competitive marketplace, companies often utilize every source available to locate and hire top personnel. Companies should concentrate on retaining key employees, because real costs begin to add up when employees leave. Retaining your most seasoned and talented employees helps ensure your organizations strength. Its more important than ever to put strategies in place to avoid the overarching costs of employee turnover causes, and keep skilled, high-level producers motivated and invested. Employees in an organization have always been key asset, as their departures could have a significant effect on the implementation of the organizations business plans and may eventually cause a parallel decline in productivity. As such, employee retention was important to the long-term growth and success of the company. Retaining the best employees would ensure customer satisfaction and effective succession planning. It would also increase investors confidence, as they are concern with the organizations capacity to perform in such ways that would positively influence the value of their investment in the company. Hence, it is undeniable that uncontrolled employee turnover could damaged the stability of the company and consequently the national economy. Too often employee retention is viewed as a process or function of the human resources department. Somehow there is an expectation that the recruiting staff should not only identify and hire employees, but that they should also ensure their retention through some sort of strategy or program. The reality is that employee retention is everyones responsibility. Managers are able to reduce unwarranted employee turnover because the most important factors driving employee satisfaction and commitment are largely within the direct view and control of the manager. These included providing recognition, regular feedback and ensuring fair reward accordingly to an employees contributions and value to the organization. 4.3 Creating a Positive Relationship between Employer and Employee Good communication and feedback between management and employees is a means to reduce these problems. A positive relationship between communication and commitment was detected highlighting the importance for management to ensure that communication channels remain open to allow for better transmission of information. Employees may also have a desire to pursue with a higher education or to improve their performance, so that they can accomplish more tasks within the same period of time. By increasing their inputs, employees may get higher outputs such as better pay and benefits. By doing so, it may lead to a higher level of satisfaction. However, factors like the lack of financial resources may prevent the employee from the opportunity of taking additional courses to upgrade themselves. In addition, other factors like problems from outside of work may affect an employees job satisfaction. Therefore, employees may wish to discuss and express their concerns with their immediate superiors. Bringing the problems that employees have to the managers attention will indeed be benefiting for the employee as they can work together to make any special arrangements in mutual agreement. When employees interact with their superiors, the manager will be able to determine the employees level of job satisfaction and in turn determine the employees level of commitment. To maximize human resource and lower employee turnover, companies could focus on building relationship and support, as well as develop programs to handle stress management, decrease work dissatisfaction and enhance loyalty to the organization. It is proactive to deal with turnover at the thinking stage by enhancing commitment that has to do with building relationship and increasing participation as well as contribution to organizational goals. It is also vital to involve staff in the organizational process that not only empowers them but also increases their loyalty to and identification with the company. There are also cases when the employees leave because of their fellow employees or his superiors. Clashes of personalities are common in the workplace. When an employee can no longer stand the tension in the workplace, he may opt to leave the organization. It does not matter if he finally got his dream job or receiving a generous paycheck. If he no longer has peace of mind, he will look for another job. The relationship between employee and employer or their direct supervisor is also crucial. Not only do organizations need a performance management system that recognizes and rewards supervisors for meeting objectives that reduce employee turnover, supervisors need to understand what steps they can take to meet their responsibility in employee retention and job satisfaction. The only way to truly understand employees is to ask them what they want and to find out what can be done to help them reach their goals. By asking, becoming involved, and being accountable, supervisors can go a lo ng way in improving employee job satisfaction as well as retention. 4.4 Increasing Job Satisfaction Those employees who feel that they are cared for by their organization and managers also have not only higher levels of commitment, but that they are more conscious about their responsibilities, have greater involvement in the organization, and are more innovative. Managers and organizations must reward and support their employees for the work that they do because this perceived support allows for more trust in the organization. All people have a desire to be needed and to feel valuable, including at their place of business. Consistent praise from a manager boosts an employees confidence and makes him happy about his place inside the organization. People perform at a much higher level when they feel happy and confident. When they dont feel important, people become withdrawn and complacent and start looking for other places to work. Being an employer is somewhat like being a parent figure. One must continuously provide security and make your employees feel wanted and needed. In terms of assessment and promotion, the fairness in the decision making process is crucial for commitment. The organization should communicate clearly how decisions are made and why some people and not others did get promotions. Satisfied employees tend to be more loyal to their organization. Generally, when people are satisfied with their jobs, they will have a positive attitude feeling about their jobs. In their minds, other jobs would not be better than the current one. Therefore, it is unlikely that they will change their jobs. Employees prefer to stay in their company and work hard for a return. If employees feel that the company treats them fairly or well, the workers will feel that they are responsible to keep working hard for their companies. Also, in order to maintain their current satisfied jobs, employees will perform well and work effectively, which is beneficial for the company. Therefore, in order to increase the employees level of commitment, the manager can try to increase their employees level of job satisfaction. For an organization to be successful, its managers must ensure that their employees have a high level of job satisfaction in order to mutually have a high level of organizational c ommitment. Managers may also apply job rotation so each employee will have an opportunity to perform different tasks using various skills and talents. By using this method, it may be able to further increase the interests the employees would have in their job. Moreover, managers should motivate employees to be more helpful, considerate, friendly and good-natured to their co-workers and supervisors, because this would increase the employees job satisfaction and may motivate the urge to help out other co-workers. Indeed, providing sufficient opportunity for promotion to employees would significantly increase job satisfaction because promotions reflect valued signals about a persons self- worth. 4.5 Increasing Organizational Commitment Organizations can increase employee commitment by providing them with fair and reasonable working practices in a rather cost-effective way. Research has found that the more committed the employee is to the organization, the greater the effort exerted by the employee in performing tasks. Highly committed employees wish to remain associated with the organization and advance organizational goals, and are therefore less likely to leave. Job performance has been reported to be higher for employees with strong affective commitment. The underlying assumption is that they will work harder at their jobs and perform them better than those with weaker commitment. On the personal level, there are benefits for strong affective commitment; for example, working in an environment in which one is positive about has implications for reduced stress levels. Alternatively, affective commitment could lead to negative consequences for life beyond the organization. By obtaining affective commitment from employees may have positive effects for the organization, even though some of the magnitudes of the findings are not very high. To stay committed, employees should feel valued and recognized by management. Motivation constitutes a central element when going through the process of human learning. If the organization does not possess the ability to motivate its employees, the knowledge within the organization is not practically used to a maximum. Therefore, it becomes the aim of every learning organization to find the factors that enable it to motivate its employees to continuous learning and to take advantage of this knowledge to ensure its living. It is unlikely that employees will be committed if they are not sufficiently motivated. Another key to employee satisfaction is implementing formal training programs that provide employees with clear paths for advancement. Employees are more likely to remain loyal to businesses committed to staff development and promoting from within. Induction training and socialization are carried out, which are vital in gaining employee commitment. It is essential to reinforce a sense of self-worth within newcomers, which can be achieved through a supporti ve environment. In addition, employees may try to increase their intrinsic motivation, which is self- applied. If employees set goals for themselves, and these are achieved, the employees will be able to feel a sense of accomplishment. This may in turn lead to an increase in the level of satisfaction at their job and thus affect their level of organizational commitment. 5.0 CONCLUSION In todays highly competitive labor market, there is extensive evidence that organizations regardless of size, technological advances, market focus, are facing human resource challenge. Employee turnovers are results of employees dissatisfaction of one or more factors. Measures can be taken to prevent turnover and to improve other operating results as well. There need to be greater appreciation of the costs and consequences of high employee turnover, and a willingness to change established personnel management practices. Employees are one of the most important determinants and leading factors that determine the success of an organization in a competitive environment. Therefore the way people are managed has a major impact on their commitment and on organizational performance. Advantages of gaining employee commitment have been perceived to be lower labor turnover, extra role behavior, and better product quality and employee flexibility leading to the firms competitive advantage. Thus, given the contribution that a highly productive trained employee can make to organizational productivity, keeping such an employee should be a high priority to the organization. Organizations can secure this commitment by engaging in fair HR practices such as procedural justice, good communication, increased participation, more supportive management and reasonable rewards. Finally, it is important to note that simply implementing HRM practices such as benefits, job descriptions, or standard of procedure is not enough to earn employees commitment. In order to enjoy the benefits of a fully-committed employees, therefore a stable and high-performing workforce, dairy producers must offer a workplace with effective performance feedback and opportunities for participation.

Modern Day Cinderella Essay -- Creative Writing Short Story

A few months ago a girl named Cindy's parents took a vacation to America, leaving her alone with her aunt and two daughters, Tiphisha and Moya. Her parents lived in England and were extremely wealthy, and for that reason her aunt, Lorna and her daughters were jealous of Cindy and despised her very much. They treated her very bad, Cindy had to do all the chores in the house in order to keep it clean. They ordered her around and gave her dirty clothes to wear. They would keep her locked in the basement so that no one would know that she was there. Cindy's life was made difficult, she often sits by the cinders and cry, and wish her parents had took her with them. But in the pass times, she would sing, which is something she loved with a passion. One hot sunny day her aunt sent her to the market for a loaf of bread. While she was getting the bread the king servant made an announcement in the middle of the market. ?Here ye! Here ye! The king of England is throwing a ball for his son at the palace, an invitation will be delivered at your door.? He said as he left the market. Cindy got the bread and ran home to share the good news with her aunt and cousins. Cindy was in the kitchen making dinner, when the door bell rang ?Cindy go get the door!? shouted her aunt. Cindy took her apron off, and rushed to answer the door. Standing at the door was a servant from the palace with a paper in his hands, ?good day ms, the king ordered me to deliver an invitation to the ball? ?thanks? Cindy said taking the invitation and went to show her aunt. Her aunt and cousins were excited about the news, they went shopping the next day leaving Cindy alone in the house to do all the work, while they spent all her parents? money. Cindy ... ... else there and at the moment Cindy started singing ?who is that the prince asked with curiosity. ?Oh! No one just the maid cleaning? the aunt uttered with guilt covering the basement door. But the prince insisted ?send her out here, it is requested that every woman is to try this slipper. Cindy tried the slipper and it fit perfectly, as she put her foot in it she went and got the other foot and put both of them on. She magically turned into a beautiful princess, the bell of the ball. The prince picked her up and off they went to the palace to get married. The aunt and her daughters gasped in surprise and asked ?you were that beautiful girl at the ball ?See I knew it was something about that girl hum!? said tiphisha ?why those things do always happen to weird people? Why moya said sobbing. The prince and Cindy got married and lived happily ever after.

Climate Change and National Security Essay

That same month, the UN Security Council—at the initiative of the UK government—held its first-ever debate on the potential impact of climate change on peace and security. In October 2007, the Nobel committee recognized this emerging threat to peace and security by awarding former vice president Al Gore and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change its peace prize. In November 2007, wo think tanks, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) and the Center for a New American Security (CNAS), released another report on the issue, concluding from a range of possible scenarios of climate change that, â€Å"We already know enough to appreciate that the cascading consequences of unchecked climate change are to include a range of security problems that will have dire global consequences. †2 The new interest in climate change and national security has been a valuable warning about the potential security consequences of global warming, but the proposed solutions that accompanied recent efforts have emphasized broader climate policy rather than specific responses to security threats. Because the links between climate change and national security are worthy of concern in their own right, and because some significant climate change is inevitable, strategies that go beyond long-run efforts to rein in greenhouse gas emissions are required. This report sharpens the connections between climate change and national security and recommends specific policies to address the security consequences of climate change for the United States. In all areas of climate change policy, adaptation and mitigation (reducing greenhouse gas emissions) should be viewed as complements rather than competing alternatives—and the national security dimension is no exception. Some policies will be targeted at adaptation, most notably risk-reduction and preparedness policies at home and abroad. These could spare the United States the need to mobilize its military later to rescue people and to prevent regional disorder—and would ensure a more effective response if such mobilization was nonetheless necessary. Others will focus on mitigation, 2 CSIS/CNAS, The Age of Consequences: The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Global Climate Change, November 2007; available at http://www. cnas. org/climatechange. 2 which is almost universally accepted as an essential part of the response to climate change. Mitigation efforts will need to be international and involve deep changes in the world’s major economies, such as those of China and India. As a result, the processes of working together to craft and implement them provide opportunities to advance American security interests.

Mathematical Codes Essays - Cryptography, Cipher, Free Essays

Mathematical Codes Essays - Cryptography, Cipher, Free Essays Mathematical Codes Mathematical Codes Mathematical codes are used by millions everyday for a variety reasons, but all intending to keep something private. The coding theory has actual applications in consumer electronics and with other areas of mathematics. Encryption, which involves enciphering and encoding, is used to protect data against organized crime, government and multinational institutions. A use of arithmetic, prime numbers, and prime factorization is used within coding theory. The study of enciphering and encoding, and deciphering and decoding is called cryptography (Gardner 17). Encryption is encoding or enciphering a message so that the contents are hidden from outsiders (Frsen 10). Strong encryption is not a technical standard, it means that current known methods within feasible time without the data being outdated cannot break the encryption. Strong encryption is used to protect data against organized crime, government and multinational institutions. Strong encryption brings possible applications into daily life. Electric money, secure communications, passwords, and others are among many. Applications that require privacy, trust and access control should all use strong encryption methods when possible. It is suggested that peoples legal, medical, personal data about themselves should stay confidential to the instances that have a permit to collect the databases. Encryption is not a new concept. Militaries and diplomatic forces have been using it for thousand of years, trying to keep information from the enemy. Given, it was more simplistic back then, but it was still used during War. For example, the Americans have used Morse code for years. There is a distinct difference between ciphers and codes. Substituting one word for another word or sentence is using a code (Gardner 18). Mixing up or substituting existing letters for one word or sentence is using a cipher (18). The majority of encryptions use ciphers versus codes. The algorithm is the method used to encipher the original message, known as the plaintext (20). A key is used with the algorithm to allow the plaintext to be both enciphered and deciphered (20). Ciphers are broken into two main categories: substitution ciphers and transportation ciphers. Substitution ciphers replace letters in the plaintext with other letters or symbols, keeping the order in which the symbols fall the same (25). By definition, substitution ciphers could be, in most cases, called codes. Transposition ciphers keep all of the original letters intact, but mix up the order (25). The resulting text is referred to as the ciphertext. Some cryptographic methods rely on the secrecy of algorithms used in the cipher, security by obscurity (Frsen 2). All modern algorithms use a key to control the encryption and decryption. The message can only be decrypted if the key matches the on it was encrypted with. The key used for decryption can be different from the key used in encryption, and this divides the algorithms in symmetric and asymmetric classes (2). Symmetric cryptosystems use the same key, the secret key, to encrypt and decrypt a message. Since it uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, the key should be changed often and be sufficiently random (2). Symmetric algorithms use different length keys, which usually means higher security. Symmetric algorithms can be divided into two categories: stream ciphers, which take and encrypt one bit of the original data at a time, and block ciphers, which take a number of bits and encrypt them as a single block (2). The majority of ciphers belong to the block cipher class. Symmetric algorithms are generally faster and use a much shorter key than asymmetric ones. DES, Data Encryption Standard, is the notorious symmetric cryptosystem. It has been certified by NIST, National Institution of Standards and Technology, for use as an official US Government encryption standard for less-than-top-secret secret material (2). DES was first certified for government use in 1977 (2). DES is a strong cipher, which encrypts a block of 64 bits at a time. DES encryption consists of many rounds of different transformations and permutations, which are linear and easy to reverse (3). Performing a permutation involves arranging elements in different arrangements, where order does matter. The critical encryption is done using S-boxes. S-boxes, or substitution boxes, are sets of highly non-linear functions, implemented in DES as a set of lookup tables (3). After the

7 Tips for Writing an Email Message

7 Tips for Writing an Email Message 7 Tips for Writing an Email Message 7 Tips for Writing an Email Message By Mark Nichol What’s so difficult about writing an email? Nothing. That’s the problem: It’s too easy, and you should take care that a professional message is just that especially if you use email primarily for social interaction and are unaccustomed to sending business emails. Here are some guidelines for businesslike electronic communication. 1. If you write professional emails from a personal address rather than a company account, use a professional-looking address. Don’t ditch your quirky or ribald account name, but acquire a more sedate one, consisting simply of your name and/or a description of your professional services, for business communications. Also, avoid using animations, complicated fonts, and busy backgrounds in your messages. 2. Use the message header to encourage recipients to read your message, stating the purpose of the message distinctly and concisely. 3. Use a formal salutation unless you’re on a first-name basis with the recipient for example, â€Å"Mr. Smith† or â€Å"Dear Ms. Jones,† followed by a colon. If you don’t know the recipient’s name and can’t obtain it by contacting the recipient’s company, write â€Å"Dear Sir or Madam.† (Double-check now that you’ve entered the recipient’s correct email address and have not inadvertently included any other addresses.) 4. Introduce yourself and the purpose of your message in the first paragraph. Use short paragraphs separated by line spaces to clearly and concisely communicate well-organized information. Don’t clutter your message with detailed apologies (though you should certainly begin with a brief apology if your message is overdue, and then get to the point) or with digressions. 5. Conclude with a summary and, if you have any requests, a courteous and concise explanation of actions you would like the recipient to perform. If you are not requesting a response, simply inform or remind the recipient that your services are available, or mention something similar that is appropriate to the context. 6. Sign off with â€Å"Sincerely,† â€Å"Respectfully,† or the like and your full name, followed by your job title and company name, as well as your company’s website and other social-media contact information, or your own if you are self-employed or are contacting the recipient as an individual, not as a representative of a company. 7. Use your email program’s spell-checking tool, proofread your message, and read it aloud in a separate pass. If you used any language that might not be perceived as professional, save the message without sending it and review it later, when you can be more objective about whether it is appropriate. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Based in" and "based out of"Does "Mr" Take a Period?Grammatical Case in English

History J3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History J3 - Essay Example uiano gives a vivid description of the Middle Passage which demonstrates the terror of the prisoners, the abject conditions on board and the attitude of the slavers to their cargo. The captured African slaves are absolutely terrified on their passage. The main reason for this fear is the ignorance of the Africans, as this is their first encounter with Europeans. Equiano’s horror is â€Å"heightened by my ignorance of what I was to undergo† (Equiano, 1789).The fair complexion, long hair and alien language of the white men makes Equiano believe that they are â€Å"bad spirits, and that they were going to kill me† (Equiano, 1789). The large copper furnace and the dejected, fettered prisoners reinforce his fear of being sacrificed. Another factor which contributes to Equiano’s fear is the water: â€Å"not being used to the water, I naturally feared that element the first time I saw it† (Equiano, 1789). Most of the captured slaves are from interior Africa and have never seen the sea. The ship and its navigation seem magical to the Africans. The conditions on board the slave ship are extremely miserable. The slaves are confined to the unventilated hold, where they are chained and packed tightly together. The initial cargo of slaves is supplemented by the additional slaves taken on at sea. This makes the hold â€Å"so crowded that each had scarcely room to turn himself† (Equiano, 1789). Equiano paints â€Å"a scene of horror almost inconceivable†: the heat, the toxic miasma of perspiration, the suffocating atmosphere, the increasing irritation of the chains, the groans of the dying, the shrieks of the women, the stench of humanity and the tubs of human excreta â€Å"into which the children often fell, and were almost suffocated†   (Equiano, 1789). The stink of the holds is beyond tolerance.The pestilential air makes the slaves ill and even causes fatalities. The rations are insufficient to satisfy the slaves’ appetite. It is a mark of the slavers’ spite that they

Issues of Transformational Leadership in the Organization Research Paper

Issues of Transformational Leadership in the Organization - Research Paper Example This research report will focus on the alleged benefits of transformational leadership style as a potential tool for ensuring higher motivation, less resistance to change, the improvement of organizational culture, and generally gaining more employee commitment. The literature surrounding transformational leadership style seems to be gaining ground as an effective leadership model based on known employee behavior patterns that could effectively serve multiple business environments. It is hypothesized that transformational leadership style can bring significant value-added benefits to a diverse organization over that of other less-progressive styles. What is Transformational Leadership? To understand the potential implications of adopting a transformational leadership model, it is necessary to engage with its dimensions and understand how it applies to a contemporary, diversified organization. Transformational leadership is a progressive style, much like that of a mentor or coach, tha t inspires others through behavior, policy and attitude. This leadership design engages others to share goals and uses â€Å"inspirational appeals of authenticity to focus on the best in people: harmony, charity and good works† (Bass & Steidlmeier, 1999, p.188). In this context, the transformational leader refutes some of the fundamental concepts of management through control or even incentives usage and instead elicits charismatic leadership style that gains ground with creating affiliation and belonging while also raising the emotional intelligence of employees and other staff members. A transformational leader â€Å"opens new thinking for fresh possibilities, re-imagines purpose and vision, ignites growth for employees, gives decision-making power, and manages through commitment strategies† (Adams & Adams, 2009, p.17). This leader takes the responsibility for the role of champion toward change philosophy and also teaches others how to make fundamental shifts in thei r thinking that align the organization toward a unified culture and does this through modeling positive new behaviors (Adams & Adams). In essence, the transformational leader takes on a personal role much like that of a human resources manager with a soft HRM approach that builds confidence, autonomy, and motivation. â€Å"Employers consistently mention collaboration and teamwork as being a critical skill, essential in all working environments† (Tarricone & Luca, 2002, p.55). Many of the pre-existing models of leadership, both justified through research and also through practical experience, do not have the ability to gain motivation in employee groups and build a sense of cultural unity. Transformational leaders have a progressive methodology that influences others with persuasive techniques and also by promoting ethical behavior that is consistent for the sake of modeling by others in the organization. This makes the transformational leader considerably accountable for thei r actions when others in the environment are building concepts of trust and team-based philosophy. Thus, it should be said that the transformatio